Realium Whitepaper

Realium is a protocol that transforms traditionally illiquid real‑world assets (RWAs)—sovereign bonds, income‑producing real estate, corporate credit, commodities, carbon credits, and fine art—into fully compliant tokens on a high‑throughput, low‑fee, EVM‑compatible blockchain. The platform uses a vertically integrated stack:

• Regulated SPV custody safeguards the underlying assets;
• On‑chain Proof‑of‑Reserves—fed by multi‑oracle Merkle attestations—keeps every token 1‑to‑1 backed;
• Reg‑Aware Token Standard enforces programmable KYC, geo‑fencing, and transfer throttles at the smart‑contract layer;
• Zero‑knowledge roll‑up modules batch and privatize yield distributions, slashing gas costs and protecting investor data;
• AI‑powered risk engine tracks on‑/off‑chain signals to auto‑tune collateral ratios, tranche pricing, and liquidation alerts.

Realium's flagship asset modules—Treasury‑Bond Vault, Real‑Estate Fractional Exchange, Corporate‑Credit Liquidity Pool, Commodity Tokenization Gateway, and Carbon‑Credit Offset Vault—feed an open marketplace where investors trade, stake, or borrow against tokenized claims. Income streams (coupons, rent, interest, carbon yields) are streamed to holders within seconds, giving users near‑real‑time cash‑flow visibility. A Dynamic Tranche Marketplace lets participants toggle between high‑yield junior tranches and senior low‑risk tranches on demand, while a Real‑Time Collateral Rebalancer continuously weights the RWA basket to preserve optimal risk‑adjusted returns.

Governance and asset onboarding are controlled by the Realium DAO. Token‑holders propose and vote on new listings, fee schedules, and treasury deployments, aligning protocol evolution with community incentives. The native RLM token captures value through transaction fees, staking rewards, and priority access to primary asset offerings.

By fusing compliant asset custody, zero‑knowledge privacy, AI‑driven risk management, and high‑throughput infrastructure, Realium builds a trust‑minimized bridge between global capital markets and open finance—making real‑world assets as liquid, programmable, and borderless as crypto itself.

Realium envisions a financial future in which any real‑world asset—whether a treasury bill, a rental apartment, a receivable, or a carbon credit—can move at internet speed, settle in seconds, and plug natively into open‑source money markets. We aim to dissolve the structural barriers that keep trillions in value locked behind jurisdictional silos and legacy clearing rails, replacing them with a transparent, programmable, and community‑governed layer that anyone can access with a smartphone and a wallet.

Our long‑term goal is to become the neutral settlement fabric where traditional finance, sustainable investment, and DeFi converge:

• Universal Access — fractional ownership lowers minimum tickets from millions to cents, expanding participation to every investor profile.
• Continuous Liquidity — 24 / 7 marketplaces and composable collateral unlock capital efficiency for both asset originators and DeFi users.
• Regulated Trust — asset‑backed tokens carry on‑chain proofs, automated compliance, and auditable cash‑flow trails, aligning with global regulations without sacrificing decentralization.
• Sustainable Growth — tokenized green instruments (e.g., carbon credits) embed ESG impact directly into the financial stack, channeling capital toward climate‑positive projects.

By merging compliant custody, zero‑knowledge privacy, AI‑driven risk analytics, and high‑performance blockchain infrastructure, Realium is building the bridge that lets real‑world value flow with the same freedom, transparency, and innovation that define the crypto economy.

1. Structural Pain Points

• Illiquidity of Real‑World Assets – Real estate, private credit, and certain sovereign bonds settle on batch clearing rails that lock capital for days or weeks; secondary markets are fragmented or nonexistent.
• High Ticket Sizes & Entry Barriers – Institutional‑grade lots (often ≥ US $100 k) shut out retail and even many SMEs, concentrating returns among a narrow investor class.
• Opaque Valuation & Reporting – Paper‑based registries and siloed custodians make it difficult to verify ownership, monitor cash‑flows, or audit reserve status in real time.
• Regulatory & Geographic Friction – Varying KYC/AML rules, custody mandates, and capital‑controls fragment liquidity along national lines and add compliance overhead.
• DeFi's Over‑Exposure to Crypto Volatility – Existing on‑chain collateral is dominated by highly correlated digital assets, amplifying systemic risk during market drawdowns.

2. Catalytic Opportunity

• $300 T+ Addressable RWA Market – Even single‑digit penetration of global bonds, property, and private debt represents trillions in potential on‑chain value.
• Fractionalization & 24 / 7 Liquidity – Token rails break large lots into bite‑size units and enable round‑the‑clock trading, boosting capital efficiency for originators and investors alike.
• Composable, Yield‑Bearing Collateral for DeFi – Stable on‑chain cash‑flows (coupons, rent, receivable interest) diversify collateral pools, mitigating reliance on volatile crypto.
• Automated Compliance at the Protocol Layer – Smart‑contract KYC, geo‑fencing, and transfer throttles lower legal risk while preserving peer‑to‑peer settlement.
• ESG & Green Finance Tailwinds – Tokenized carbon credits and renewable‑backed debt instruments align investor incentives with climate mandates, tapping into a rapidly growing green‑asset pipeline.

3. Realium's Strategic Fit

Realium targets the intersection of these forces by delivering:

• Plug‑and‑Play Tokenization Modules for five flagship asset classes (bonds, real estate, corporate credit, commodities, carbon credits);
• Instant Yield Streaming & Dynamic Tranching to satisfy both yield seekers and risk‑averse capital;
• AI‑Driven Risk & Reserve Analytics that offer real‑time transparency unmatched in traditional custodial systems;
• DAO‑Led Asset Onboarding ensuring legally compliant, community‑vetted growth.

Together, these pillars position Realium to capture first‑mover advantage in a market poised to migrate trillions of dollars from paper to programmable tokens.

All token standards are presented generically as Polygon / ERC‑20 / ERC‑721 equivalents to emphasize EVM compatibility without tying to a single chain implementation.

Scope & Rationale – Tokenizes investment‑grade sovereign bonds (e.g., U.S. Treasuries, Bunds, JGBs) into fungible "T‑Bond" tokens that stream the underlying coupon in real time.

Onboarding Flow

• Originator deposits bonds into a regulated SPV‑custody account.
• Chain‑agnostic oracle fetches CUSIP, price, coupon schedule; Merkle proof written on‑chain.
• Polygon* T‑Bond tokens minted at a 1:1 face‑value ratio. (*or equivalent EVM standard)

Yield Mechanics – Coupons accrue continuously and are batch‑streamed via a ZK‑roll‑up every few seconds, minimizing gas leakage and preserving holder privacy.

DeFi Utility – T‑Bonds can be: (a) staked in native money‑market pools as ultra‑low‑risk collateral; (b) swapped for stablecoins in AMMs; (c) laddered into fixed‑income indices.

Risk Controls – AI engine monitors bond price, duration, and macro data; if mark‑to‑market LTV > 85 %, tranche pricing auto‑adjusts or positions are soft‑liquidated.

Compliance – Reg‑aware token contract enforces KYC tiers and excludes restricted jurisdictions at transfer level.

Scope – Fractionalizes rental apartments, commercial buildings, and logistics warehouses into NFT "Property Shares" plus a fungible rent token.

Token Structure –

• ERC‑721 "PropShare" = unique slice of deed (transferable after holding period)
• ERC‑20 "RentX" = pooled rental cash‑flow, auto‑redeemable for stablecoins

Workflow – SPV holds deed ➜ title insurer verifies ➜ valuation oracle feeds cap‑rate ➜ mint PropShares & RentX.

Income Distribution – Net rent reaches contract wallet; payroll oracle deducts expenses; remainder streamed to RentX holders each block.

Secondary Liquidity – Automated Dutch auctions every 24 h match PropShare buyers/sellers; RentX trades continuously on DEX.

Risk & Insurance – Smart escrow covers vacancy; parametric weather insurance protects against catastrophes.

Asset Type – SME term loans, trade receivables, invoice factoring deals.

Pool Mechanics – Originators deposit loan documents; oracle verifies credit score & lien; pool mints "CreditNote" tokens that earn floating APY from borrower repayments.

Dynamic Tranching – Senior (AAA) and Junior (BB) sub‑pools priced by AI‑driven probability‑of‑default model; investors can swap between tranches on‑chain without lock‑ups.

Rollover & Reinforcement – Repaid principal auto‑recycled into new loans or redeemed for stablecoins, maintaining capital efficiency.

Default Handling – Smart contracts trigger UCC lien enforcement via bonded legal DAO; insurance fund covers first‑loss up to 5 %.

Covered Commodities – Gold, silver, industrial metals, grain futures.

Custody & Proof – Vault wrappers issue real‑time bar‑code attestations; Merkle roots posted on‑chain each hour.

Token Model – 1 oz Gold = "AuG‑Token"; 1 bbl oil = "Oil‑Token"; divisible to 6 decimals for micro hedging.

Physical Redemption – Holders burn token ➜ receive warehouse receipt or arrange delivery via logistics oracle.

Fiat‑Backed Liquidity – Gateway partners with bullion banks to provide 1‑click swaps between AuG‑Token and USDC, flattening bid/ask spreads.

Asset Class – Verified emission‑reduction credits (VERs), EU ETS allowances, renewable‑energy certificates.

Minting Logic – Retirement registry signs burn memo ➜ oracle relays proof ➜ "CarbonX" tokens minted, each representing 1 kg CO₂e offset.

Staking & Yield – Projects deposit future credits; buyers stake CarbonX to earn a share of forward‑priced offsets, creating a curvature yield curve.

ESG Integration – Wallet UI displays real‑time offset score; DAO treasury burns a portion of protocol fees in CarbonX, tightening supply.

Audits & Impact Data – Satellite MRV (monitor‑report‑verify) feeds land‑use metrics; IPFS stores impact reports, referenced by token metadata.

Realium's technical stack integrates multiple specialized components to create a secure, compliant, and efficient platform for tokenizing real-world assets.

A tri‑oracle system (Chainlink, Redstone, in‑house) hashes hourly asset‑position files and commits an agreed Merkle root to the Proof‑of‑Reserves contract. Any mint or burn of Realium tokens is blocked if the live token supply would exceed the verified reserve balance, giving investors real‑time, self‑service audibility without waiting for quarterly audits.

Coupons, rent, and interest are aggregated off‑chain, transformed into a zero‑knowledge proof of correct allocation, and settled on‑chain in a single roll‑up transaction. The process slashes gas costs (–90 % vs. per‑wallet payouts) while hiding individual payouts, preserving both efficiency and privacy.

A light‑client bridge relays block headers between Realium's home chain and Ethereum, Solana, and Cosmos zones. After a burn is proven on the source chain, the verifier contract mints a wrapped RWA token on the destination chain, enabling single‑click swaps through integrated cross‑chain AMMs and eliminating trusted custodians.

Built on an extended ERC‑3643/T‑REX template, Realium tokens embed programmable KYC tiers, geo‑fencing, and per‑epoch transfer limits directly in transfer() logic. Compliance agents append signed attestations to token metadata (e.g., accreditation expiry), keeping tokens self‑updating and audit‑ready without centralized freezes.

Each asset class is housed in a jurisdiction‑specific SPV. A tri‑party smart escrow orchestrates interactions among the SPV, custodian bank, and Realium Treasury, issuing ISO‑20022 messages for settlement. New regions add assets by deploying a plug‑in "custody adapter," avoiding core‑contract upgrades and enabling hot expansion.

A streaming ML pipeline ingests on‑chain prices, oracle feeds, macro data, and credit metrics every 60 seconds. Gradient‑boosted trees estimate PD/LGD; a transformer flags regime shifts. When VaR breaches governance thresholds, the engine auto‑raises collateral ratios, reprices junior tranches, or pauses new mints—writing every decision hash to IPFS for governance review.

A unified SDK for Web, iOS, Android, Node.js, and Python provides type‑safe bindings to all core contracts, a GraphQL data layer for asset metadata and cash‑flow events, and client‑side compliance helpers that surface KYC status and transfer caps before a transaction hits the chain. Hardhat/Foundry templates scaffold new asset adapters, cutting integration time from weeks to days.

Realium implements several unique mechanisms that differentiate its approach to tokenizing real-world assets.

Every tokenized pool (bonds, credit, real estate) is split into Senior and Junior tranches that carry different risk/return profiles. Liquidity providers can migrate between tranches in a single on‑chain swapTranche() call—no lock‑ups, no off‑chain paperwork. Tranche pricing is algorithmically updated each block from three inputs: (1) AI‑estimated probability‑of‑default, (2) pool utilization, (3) market demand curves. When risk rises, Junior yields expand automatically to attract new capital, while Senior yields compress to preserve safety.

A controller contract monitors price feeds, volatility, and on‑chain liquidity for every RWA token. If a basket's Value‑at‑Risk breaches a governance‑set threshold, the rebalancer shifts weight from higher‑beta assets (e.g., SME credit) into lower‑beta assets (e.g., treasuries or gold) within the same transaction epoch. The entire process is intent‑based and gas‑capped, ensuring re‑weights finish in < 10 seconds without fragmenting liquidity.

New RWAs must pass a three‑stage governance funnel: (i) Signal Vote—community stakes RLM to indicate interest; (ii) Due‑Diligence Sprint—bonded working group audits legal docs, custody setup, oracle feeds; (iii) Commit Vote—final YES/NO with super‑majority quorum. Upon approval, the onboarding contract mints the first tranche of tokens and releases incentive rewards to asset originators. Slashing penalties apply if due‑diligence data is later proven false, aligning proposer incentives with protocol safety.

Key Figures

• Max Supply: 100,000,000,000
• Utilities: governance voting, staking rewards, fee discounts, liquidity incentives

Alignment Summary

Half of the supply goes directly to asset originators and liquidity providers, jump‑starting deep markets for tokenized RWAs, while the remaining tokens sustain development, compliance, strategic growth, and long‑term contributor commitment—balancing expansion with decentralization and security.

Bottom line — Realium blends best‑practice crypto security with regulator‑grade compliance, ensuring every token is verifiably backed, legally sound, and operationally robust.

Trajectory: From targeted asset pilots in 2025 to a fully composable, cross‑chain RWA super‑network by 2028.